ATLANTA — Time and money are running short for states to replace aging or inadequate voting machines before the 2020 presidential primaries, according to a report released Tuesday.

State and local election officials in 31 states say they want to replace their voting equipment before the elections, but the vast majority said they don’t have enough money to do so, according to The Brennan Center for Justice at NYU’s School of Law.

“We basically have this year and then it’s too late,” said Lawrence Norden, deputy director of the center’s Democracy Program and author of the report.

It can take months to decide on replacement machines, secure the funding, develop security protocols, train workers and test the equipment.

States received $380 million in election security grants from Congress last year, but experts have said that’s merely a down payment on what is needed.

Pennsylvania received $13.5 million from the federal government, but that’s just a quarter of what it would cost to switch to voting machines that use paper ballots, said J. Alex Halderman, director of the Center for Computer Security and Society at the University of Michigan.

“Without further federal assistance, we risk that new equipment and other critical improvements won’t be in place for many years,” Halderman said in congressional testimony last month. “With the 2020 election on the horizon, the next major target for foreign cyberattacks, we need to act before it’s too late.”

In 2016, Russian hackers are believed to have targeted the nation’s voting systems, searching for vulnerabilities. The nation’s intelligence community has said there is no evidence of votes being changed, but warn of the continuing danger posed by foreign governments.

Congressional efforts to send more election security money to the states have yet to gain momentum despite some bipartisan support.