Many local gardeners are experiencing a great deal of moss in lawns and other areas this spring. The greater than usual amount of this weed was caused by the excessive rainfall last year.

Moss is a serious problem in lawns because once it is established, grass plants will not spread into those areas.

Mosses produce spores that are blown by the wind from one area to another. The spores germinate to form threadlike structures that produce buds that develop into short, leafy stalks. The development of leafy stalks continues through the year, especially during the winter when grass and other foliage are dormant. Moss thrives in shallow soil, poor soil fertility, acid soil, heavy shade and excessive moisture.

Getting rid of moss can be difficult and can only be successful when a dense, actively growing lawn is established in its place.

Steps necessary in moss control are: proper soil pH, elimination of dense shade and use of certain grass types. Have the soil tested for pH and nutrient requirements. Soil test kits are available from the Penn State Cooperative Extension Office for $9. Remove trees or tree branches to increase sunlight and air circulation. Plant grass that is better adapted to shade. Fine fescue should be used instead of Kentucky bluegrass or rye grass. A regular, balanced fertilizer program will go a long way toward preventing moss.

There are a number of products on the market for eradicating moss. Most of these products contain salts, such as ammonium sulfate, that will dehydrate or burn the moss. Unfortunately, they can burn desirable turf grass if used improperly. Several of these products are: DeMoss, Lesco Moss, Algae Eraser, and Scott's Moss Remover. To use these products safely and correctly, be sure to follow the directions on the label.

The United State Golf Association has found that 4 ounces of Dawn dishwashing liquid in a gallon of water has been effective in controlling moss on golf greens.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends using 1¼ ounces of copper sulfate in a gallon of water.

However, the surest way to remove moss is to rake it out.

Pete Hale of Sarver is a Master Gardener with the Penn State Master Gardener program.