Lindsay Percival has been a child care provider in Evanston in Illinois for decades. She loves her job, but that passion is not enough to pay the bills. Every time she admits a new child into the Learning Bridge Early Education Center, she knows there’s an 80% chance that she’s taking on $6,000 in annual debt. Across all five classrooms in her child care program, that can add up to a total deficit of over $300,000 each year.

This massive deficit arises from the mismatch between how Illinois subsidizes early care and education for low-income families and the actual cost of providing high-quality care.

President Joe Biden has a plan to address our nation’s child care crisis. In his State of the Union address last week, Biden reminded the American people that in this time of inflation, Congress can and must help lower everyday costs for families.

His child care plan would do just that, by reimbursing early childhood providers for the true cost of care while keeping costs down for families. It’s time for our leaders in Congress to come together to finally fix a broken system and support our child care providers and the families they care for.

Child care is expensive, surpassing college tuition in most states. Because child care is treated as a business rather than a public good, monthly tuition and reimbursement rates are subject to the market — specifically what parents can afford, which is not nearly enough.

In Illinois, the average market rate for full-time care for a 4-year-old child is around $10,000 and is among the among the least affordable in the country. While this sounds expensive, this price far from covers the true cost of caring for young children in developmentally appropriate ways.

Lindsay strives to provide the children at her center with enriching environments and interactions with supportive and well-trained professional educators. These are the components of care that research has repeatedly shown benefits children, families and the economy. But they don’t come cheap.

To obtain even the base level of quality and satisfy state licensure requirements while breaking even, Learning Bridge would need to charge families $11,000 per year for preschool-aged children. In Illinois, however, the average true cost of providing high-quality care is closer to $20,000 per year for four-year-old children and as much as $33,000 for infants and toddlers.

Research continues to demonstrate that only through high-quality early learning experiences can we unlock the long-term benefits of preschool for children’s learning and development. Lower-quality programs do not adequately support children’s academic success. Put simply, the vast majority of middle-income households cannot afford to pay the true cost of high-quality care, let alone low-income families who rely on state subsidies.

Biden’s plan, outlined in last year’s Build Back Better Act (BBB), would not only dramatically expand who is eligible to receive subsidies, but importantly also increase the reimbursement rate for programs to more closely match the true cost of care. Currently, just over 5% of children under 6 in Illinois qualify for subsidized child care. When fully implemented, the child care provisions in BBB would subsidize the care of 92.5% of children and reduce a typical family’s out-of-pocket expenses by more than half.

The research is clear: Investments in early childhood programs yield tremendous short- and long-term economic and societal benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic put in sharp relief how critical these programs are, yet public funding for increasing access to high-quality early learning experiences remains inadequate.

Dr. Kate Zinsser is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago.