A completed floral cornucopia

The horn of plenty, long associated with Thanksgiving and a bountiful harvest, originates from ancient times. In Greek mythology, the infant Zeus unintentionally broke the horn from the she-goat who was feeding him. From the horn came an unending source of sustenance. The ancient Romans attributed the creation of the horn of plenty to Hercules, who broke Achelous' horn during a battle; nymphs filled the horn with the finest harvested fruits. Throughout history, the horn of plenty has represented abundance. Many Greek and Roman goddesses of the harvest (Demeter), luck (Fortuna), bountiful harvest (Abundantia), and plenty (Copia) are associated with the horn of plenty. The horn of plenty is known as the cornucopia; corno (horn) and copia (plenty). Cornucopias are found in paintings, artwork, and literature throughout history. In America, the cornucopia is found on the state seal of North Carolina.

Cornucopias make interesting centerpieces for Thanksgiving celebrations. They are easy to construct and represent the bounties of our gardens and lives. Creating a cornucopia is a family activity where children learn history, select cornucopia items, and appreciate the work involved in growing vegetables, fruits and nuts.

To create a cornucopia, purchase a premade horn from an online vendor or craft store. Horns come in various sizes and are made from wicker or other natural materials. Ceramic or pottery horns also work well; both types of horns can be stored and reused.

Involve children of all ages in constructing the cornucopia. Share with them the history of the cornucopia and look for stories about cornucopias and their meaning. Help children select the vegetables, fruits and nuts for the horn. Discuss with children the nutritional value of these foods and ask them about the significance of the items they chose. Describe how fruits and vegetables are grown and the value of farming and gardening. Purchase enough produce items to fill and spill from the horn.

Place the horn on a platter and begin to assemble the horn. Filling the horn teaches children manual dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and spatial awareness. Start with the largest items (fruits, gourds), then place smaller items (smaller fruits, larger nuts); use smaller nuts, grapes and berries to fill spaces. Arrange remaining items from the horn's opening, representing an overflowing bounty of abundance. Photograph your family and their completed cornucopia and share with others.

Cornucopias also can be made with fresh or silk flowers and artificial fruits and nuts. Purchase a horn that has a tray to hold the floral foam. Make the length and width of the flowers and greens in proportion to the horn. Add small artificial or fresh nuts and gourds, wheat stems and other materials that represent a harvest. Never consume food items used in floral displays. Select floral colors that complement and contrast each other and surrounding decor. Keep floral foam wet; dispose of all floral materials, clean, and dry the horn before storing for future use.

Involving the family in celebrating the bounty of the harvest teaches children the importance of healthy foods, instills pride in accomplishing a project and creates lasting memories of quality family time.

If you have questions about gardening, call the Butler County Master Gardener Garden Hotline at 724-287 4761, ext. 7 or email the Master Gardeners at butlermg@psu.edu.

Lisa Marie Bernardo is a Penn State Master Gardener of Butler County.