Winter presents a series of challenges to humans and our pets. The American Kennel Club highlights things to be careful of in the cold-weather months:

Beware of antifreeze (ethylene glycol)Antifreeze is a liquid added to a car’s radiator to prevent freezing. It’s extremely toxic and can be deadly even in small amounts. It tastes sweet but can cause severe kidney damage and failure. Seek veterinary care IMMEDIATELY if you believe that your dog has ingested antifreeze.

Wipe off paws before coming insideThe snow- and ice-melting products used on sidewalks, driveways and roads are among the biggest threats to your dog’s paw pads. And ice-melting products aren’t just a threat to feet. If your dog licks his paws or gets into a container of de-icer, it may upset his digestive system, causing drooling, vomiting or diarrhea.To prevent your dog from ingesting de-icer and to reduce irritation to his paw pads, wipe off his paws with a warm, damp towel immediately after coming in, or dunk them in a small bucket of water and thoroughly dry them. A pair of well-fitted dog boots is the best protection from the elements. Dogs don’t always take to them easily, so start slowly, one paw at a time.

Know what your pet can tolerateYoung, old, small or health-compromised pets have a lower tolerance for very cold weather, especially if the weather changes suddenly. Consider well-fitted sweaters for dogs that may need them (older dogs, smaller dogs, dogs with recent haircuts, etc.). Use sweaters, boots or coats to provide added warmth for dogs who may need it, but never leave them on your dog unattended.

Don’t leave pets unattended for an extended timeHypothermia is a real concern because it slowly creeps up and can be life-threatening. If a dog must be outside for any period of time, make sure there is adequate protection from the wind, have their beds elevated off the ground, and make sure there is good bedding insulation such as straw or cedar shavings.

Keep track of your dogPets get lost in winter more than any other time of year. After heavy snowfalls, disorientation due to loss of landmarks, inability to smell certain scents or loss of boundaries (low fences, etc.) is possible. Make sure dogs are in a secure area or on a leash. In addition, make sure your pet is microchipped.