Jupiter, neighbors light up sky
Jupiter has been a welcome addition to our Butler sky all winter and will stay with us through spring.
The largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter is 88,000 miles in diameter and is named after the king of the Roman gods. The behemoth starts out the evening in the high southern sky. It’s easy to find because it’s the brightest starlike object in that area.
As soon as it’s dark enough, grab a lawn chair, get comfortable, and enjoy the show. It’s a lot easier on your back and you’ll have more fun.
Through a pair of binoculars or a small telescope you’ll notice tiny little “stars” next to Jupiter, lining up on both sides. Those are actually Jupiter’s largest and brightest moons.
Jupiter has more than 65 moons but only four of them are visible to amateur astronomers. You may not see all four of them, though.
That’s because they orbit Jupiter in periods of 2 to 17 days, and at any given time one or more of them may be hiding in front of or behind the planet.
Those moons are always on the move. I’ll have a lot more on all of Jupiter’s moons next week in Skywatch.
Not far away in the April sky is one of the brightest star clusters in the heavens, admiring the king of the planets. Use a pair of binoculars or a small telescope to scan about five degrees to the right of Jupiter. Five degrees, by the way, is about half of the width of your fist at arm’s length.
You may even be able to see the cluster with the naked eye. It’s known as the Beehive Cluster by most stargazers because it resembles a hoard of bees buzzing around and protecting their heavenly hive.
For the next several weeks Jupiter will be hanging out next to the Beehive.
One of the first to officially document the Beehive cluster was Greek astronomer Hipparchus who observed it around 130 B.C. He registered it in his star catalogue as a “cloudy star.”
A little later ancient Romans saw it as a manger and called it Praesepe, which is Latin for manger.
They actually used it to help them forecast the weather. It was said that “a murky manger” was a sign of rain. That makes sense, since the blurriness indicates more moisture in the air.
It wasn’t until the early 1600s that someone really checked out the Praesepe Cluster with a telescope, at least as far as we know.
That’s when Galileo poked his primitive telescope toward it and saw it as a cluster of stars. Shortly after, it got the name Beehive Cluster. With your not-so-primitive telescope, or even a pair of binoculars, you can easily see how it got that moniker.
Astronomically, the Beehive is considered an open star cluster. It is a group of about a thousand young stars that emerged out of the same nebula of hydrogen gas sprinkled with heavier elements from a long since exploded star.
The stars in this cluster are believed by astronomers to be about 600 million years old, and while that is considered young for a star, it is rather old for a cluster of young stars.
Many of these same types of clusters are gravitationally broken up before the stars are that old, but the Beehive is hanging in there. That “teenage mob” of stars is more than 150 trillion miles wide and nearly 3,400 trillion miles away from your backyard and mine!
The Beehive Cluster and Jupiter are residing in the one of the tiniest and faintest constellations in the sky, Cancer the Crab.
Unless you’re really in the boonies forget about actually seeing the stars that make it up. They’re just too faint to bother with. Even though it’s an insignificant constellation, Cancer has a great deal of mythological lore associated with it.
It was Greek mythology that made the crab out of Cancer. The Greek hero Hercules was assigned 12 labors to atone for a great sin committed when he was a young man.
One of his tasks was to slay Hydra, a two-headed sea monster. Hera, the queen of the gods, was watching from her perch on Mount Olympus and saw that Hercules was gaining the upper hand on the sea beast.
Hera, the original queen of mean, dispatched her pet crab Cancer to sneak up on Hercules and bite one of his big toes in an attempt to disable him.
Sure enough, the crab succeeded in taking a big bite into Hercules’ toe, but instead of throwing him off his game Hercules exploded in a rage.
With his bare hands he choked the life out of Hydra and at the same time kicked the crab up against a boulder. That was all she wrote for Cancer.
Hera felt so bad about sending her pet to his death that she magically transformed his body into the constellation we almost see in our spring skies.
Mike Lynch is an amateur astronomer and professional broadcast meteorologist for WCCO Radio in Minneapolis/St. Paul and is author of the book, “Stars, a Month by Month Tour of the Constellations” published by Adventure Publications and available at bookstores and at www.adventurepublications.net.
