WASHINGTON — Just as the recovery is finally looking real, surging fuel prices are once again looming as a major threat to the financial health of U.S. consumers and the broader economy.

The price surge has been particularly steep in California, in part because of maintenance at some refineries that make the state’s cleaner-burning gasoline. Statewide, average pump prices for regular gasoline crossed the $4 mark over the weekend and reached an average of $4.031 a gallon Monday, up 5 percent in just the last week and nearly 9 percent higher than a month ago.

“It doesn’t bode well for the consumer,” said Jeff Spring of the Automobile Club of Southern California. “By April or May you might see some isolated instances where you’re seeing $5” gas per gallon.

That could potentially sting President Barack Obama’s re-election efforts as well — with Republican primary hopefuls already blaming the Democratic incumbent for higher prices at the pump.

Oil prices have crept higher in recent weeks amid a brighter outlook for the U.S. economy and heightened tensions over Iran’s nuclear program. And Monday, crude futures jumped to a nine-month high after Iran said it had halted some oil shipments, raising the specter of even higher prices and tighter supplies ahead, especially for Europe.

Because petroleum makes up about 80 percent of the retail price of gasoline, increasing crude costs quickly find their way to the pump.

Nationally, drivers started this week paying on average $3.565 for a gallon of regular gas, up more than 5 percent in the last month. The price surge and wide variance by geography have triggered consumer anger and cries of gouging and speculation.

But for all the complaints, CJ Kim, a sales manager, said there is nothing he can do to avoid driving — and paying for it. He said he shuttles among three stores spread around town and doesn’t get reimbursed for his mileage.

“I can’t afford not to drive,” Kim said. “What can I do? I have to live with it.”