■ AVAILABILITY of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in home, school, or community

■ Family HISTORY of the problem

■ Family MANAGEMENT problems

■ Family CONFLICT

■ Favorable parental ATTITUDES and involvement in crime, alcohol and drugs

■ Problem BEHAVIORS

■ ALIENATION and REBELLIOUSNESS

■ FRIENDS who engage in the problem behavior

■ LACK OF clear ENFORCED POLICY on the use of alcohol, tobacco and other

drugs

■ LACK OF COMMITMENT to school.