Construction work is done on condominiums in Portland, Ore. Construction spending was up in April, defying economists' forecasts of a decline.

WASHINGTON — Fresh signs emerged Monday that the recession is letting up.

Manufacturing's slide is slowing. Builders are boosting spending on construction projects — including homes. And consumers aren't cutting back as much as some had feared.

A trio of reports gave Wall Street a lift on the same day that industrial icon General Motors filed for bankruptcy protection. The federal government is taking a majority ownership stake in the company, which announced plant closings.

Investors and economists focused instead on the encouraging news about the economy.

The Dow Jones industrial average rose more than 230 points, or 2.7 percent, in late-afternoon trading. Other major indexes also advanced more than 2 percent.

"What looked like a flicker of light at the end of the tunnel is now starting to look like a beacon," said Richard Yamarone, economist at Argus Research. "We are no longer in the deep throes of recession. A recovery may be just a few months away."

Economists were especially heartened by a report from the Institute for Supply Management that showed U.S. manufacturing activity shrinking at a slower pace in May. Reports from Asia and Europe indicated similar improvements in their manufacturing sectors.

The institute's index came in at 42.8 — its highest since September and up from 40.1 in April. A reading below 50 still indicates activity contracted, but the figure surpassed economists' forecasts.

Importantly, an index of new orders placed with U.S. factories rose to 51.1 in May. It was the first time this barometer had grown since November 2007, the month before the recession began.

And businesses' inventories shrank, suggesting supplies will soon need to be replenished. That would boost factory production, aiding overall economic activity.

"The data add to mounting evidence of an abatement in the deep factory-sector recession," said Cliff Waldman, economist at Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI, a manufacturing research group.

"The worst has clearly passed for U.S. factories," he said. "Nonetheless, a real recovery might be months away. The global economic picture remains difficult, and financial conditions are still problematic. But better days are clearly ahead."

Another report, from the Commerce Department, said construction spending rose a surprising 0.8 percent in April. Economists had been expecting a 1.2 percent decline.

It marked the second straight month that construction spending has risen. Before that, spending had fallen for five straight months. Private builders in April increased spending on housing projects — something that hadn't happened since August.

A third report showed consumers trimmed spending by 0.1 percent in April, slightly less than the 0.2 percent reduction economists were forecasting. Still, it marked the second straight month that consumers cut back, a reminder that many shoppers remain wary.

With unemployment rising, consumers are expected to stay fairly cautious in the months ahead. Because consumer spending accounts for roughly 70 percent of overall economic activity, it's closely watched by economists.