Stream bank fencing is a simple, cost-effective way for farmers to improve water quality in the streams flowing through their farms.

Installing fences and crossings helps limit livestock access to stream banks and establishes a vegetative buffer strip along the stream. Vegetative buffers help reduce erosion, control water runoff and absorb substances that could otherwise create water pollution.

Stream bank vegetation helps trap sediment and pesticides and absorbs some nutrients that may run off of cultivated fields and feedlots. It also provides food, cover and nesting sites for birds and small mammals.

Buffers help to enhance excellent fish habitat by providing cover that lowers water temperature and increases food supplies.

Fencing and stream crossing may help reduce the risk of animal injury as well. Limiting livestock access to streams reduces contact with waterborne bacteria that may cause black leg, mastitis and other ailments.

High quality single or double strand electric fencing material should be used. In cow-only pastures, single-wire installation is used. Two wires are installed in cow-cattle operations. Low-impedence, high-voltage energizers will provide electrification for the fence.

Fences should be installed parallel to the direction of the stream and allow an average buffer of 12 feet from the stream bank.

Ac access point can be created so livestock can get to the water. To minimize erosion, the site should be protected with materials such as stones or railroad ties. Alternative water devices such as springs development, pasture pumps and watering troughs are also encouraged.

If livestock or equipment need to cross the stream, the fencing plan should include a crossing. Construction of stabilized crossings are regulated by the Department of Environmental Protection. Also, the county conservation district staff can assist landowners in obtaining free, general permits for agricultural crossings.

Ron Fodor is district manager of the Butler County Conservation District.