VIENNA — Russia’s track and field athletes will be banned from competing for their country at the Rio de Janeiro Olympics after a landmark decision Friday that punished the sports powerhouse for a systematic doping system that operated “from the top down” and tainted the entire team.

In an unprecedented ruling loaded with geopolitical ramifications, the IAAF upheld its ban on Russia’s track and field federation, saying the country had made some progress in cleaning up but failed to meet the requirements for reinstatement and would be barred from sending its athletes to the Rio Games that begin in 50 days.

“Russian athletes could not credibly return to international competition without undermining the confidence of their competitors and the public,” IAAF President Sebastian Coe said.

President Vladimir Putin condemned the decision, saying he still hopes for “some solution” that will allow the Russians to compete in Rio.

Russia does not accept “collective punishment” for all athletes, Putin added.

Russia’s Sports Ministry also said Rio Games will be “diminished” by the absence of its athletes, and the Russian track federation said it was considering an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport — the sports world’s highest court.

The IAAF, track’s world governing body, left open a “tiny crack” that would allow any individual Russian athletes who have been untainted by doping and have been subjected to effective testing outside Russia to apply to compete in the games.

However, the IAAF said those athletes would be few and would be eligible to compete only as “individuals” — and not under the Russian flag.