Stream bank fencing is a simple, cost-effective way for farmers to improve water quality in the streams flowing through their farms.

Installing fences and crossings helps limit livestock access to stream banks and establish a vegetative buffer strip along the stream. Vegetative buffers help reduce erosion, control water runoff and absorb substances that would otherwise create water pollution.

A sizeable portion of sediment comes from unprotected stream banks and is caused by livestock grazing and trampling. Vegetation binds soil particles together, creating a stable bank that reduces erosion.

Stream bank vegetation helps trap sediment and pesticides, and absorbs some nutrients that may run off from adjacent cultivated fields and feedlots. It also provides food, cover and nesting sites for birds and small mammals. Buffers help enhance fish habitat by providing cover that lowers water temperatures and increases food supplies.

Fencing and stream crossings may also help reduce the risk of animal injury. Limiting livestock access to streams reduces contact with waterborne bacteria that may cause black leg, mastitis and other ailments.

High quality single or double strand electric fencing material should be used. In cow-only pastures, single wire insulation is used. Two wires are installed in cow-cattle operations. Low-impedance, high-voltage energizers will provide electrification for the fence.

Fences should be installed parallel to the direction of the stream to allow an average buffer of 12 feet from the top of the stream bank.

An access point can provide water for the livestock. To minimize erosion, the site should be protected with materials such as stones or railroad ties. Alternate watering devices such as spring developments, pasture pumps and watering troughs are also encouraged.

If livestock or equipment need to cross the stream, the fencing plan should include crossings. These areas should be stabilized to minimize erosion.

Construction of stabilized crossings is regulated by the Department of Environmental Protection. Butler County Conservation District staff members can assist landowners in obtaining general permits for agricultural crossings ad ramps.

Reminder: The Butler County Conservation District Tree Shading Sale is now under way. Order tree seedlings now for spring planting. Phone 724-284-5270 for an order form today.

Ron Fodor is district manager of the Butler County Conservation District.