WASHINGTON — Besides voting for senators, House members and governors, nearly half the country cast ballots on transportation measures Tuesday, continuing a trend in recent years that is partially driven by Washington gridlock.

A long-term federal funding solution for the nation’s highways and transit systems has been elusive. A temporary funding bill expires in May.

As federal efforts have stalled, the power to solve transportation problems has been put in the hands of governors, state legislatures and voters. According to a post-election analysis by the American Road & Transportation Builders Association, a trade group, voters approved two-thirds of the transportation-related initiatives on the ballot Tuesday.

Beth Osborne, a former acting assistant secretary for policy at the U.S. Department of Transportation, said that transportation performs better than most issues on the ballot.

“People can’t rely on the feds to come up with new money,” said Osborne, who joined Transportation for America, a coalition of transportation advocates, earlier this year. “States are the ones that are making it their priority.”

Texas voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 1, which will set aside billions of dollars of the state’s “rainy day” fund for the State Highway Fund. It is expected to raise $1.7 billion in the first year.

Wisconsin and Maryland voted for similar measures that would make it harder for those states to shift transportation funds to non-transportation purposes.

Not every statewide measure to raise transportation money succeeded. Massachusetts voters narrowly repealed a law that indexed the state’s gasoline tax to inflation, meaning it would go up every year. And Louisiana voters resoundingly defeated a proposal to establish a state infrastructure bank. The measure was one of 16 constitutional amendments the state’s voters were asked to consider. Osborne said the infrastructure proposal may have been one too many.