DETROIT — Technology glitches including Bluetooth phone pairing and misunderstood voice commands put a dent in car and truck reliability scores in a major survey of automobile owners.

Lexus and Porsche tied for the top spot, leading all brands for dependability in the survey by the consulting firm J.D. Power. But electronic problems caused trouble across the industry, pushing the average up to 156 problems per 100 vehicles. That’s four problems higher than last year and the highest number since J.D. Power changed scoring methods in 2015.

Toyota, Buick and Mercedes-Benz rounded out the top five most dependable brands, while Fiat, Jeep and Infiniti were the least reliable, according to the survey.

The J.D. Power study, now in its 28th year, questioned 35,186 owners of 2014 model-year vehicles about issues they have had in the last 12 months.

In addition to technology trouble, complaints about battery failures jumped 44 percent compared with last year. Batteries were the most frequently replaced part not related to normal wear, the study found.

That’s because people are buying vehicles with more electric features such as high-end audio systems, plus automakers are converting mechanical devices such as power steering to electric power, said Dave Sargent, J.D. Power’s VP for global automotive. Also, in an effort to save fuel by reducing drag on the engine, automakers aren’t fully charging batteries in some cases.

The study found that mainstream brands are catching up with luxury and niche brands with excellent reliability. Of the top-10 brands, five are considered mainstream. Besides Toyota and Buick, Hyundai (6th), Chevrolet (8th) and Honda (9th) made the top 10. Luxury brands BMW (7th) and Jaguar (10th) also were high in the rankings.

The scores are important, because buyers who are unhappy with their vehicles are less likely to buy again from the same brand.

The study also ranks brands by market segment. Segment-level winners included the Camry for most dependable midsize car while Toyota’s FJ Cruiser was the top compact SUV. Ford’s F-150 was the most reliable pickup truck.

Toyota won 10 of 18 segment awards, the highest ever by a single company. Winners included the Lexus GS, ES and RX, and Toyota’s Avalon, Camry, FJ Cruiser, Prius, Prius v, Sienna and Venza. GM had four segment winners.