NEW YORK — Colson Whitehead's “The Underground Railroad,” his celebrated novel about an escaped slave that combined liberating imagination and brutal reality, has won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction.

Monday's announcement confirmed the book as the literary event of 2016, an Oprah Winfrey book club pick and critical favorite which last fall received the National Book Award, the first time in more than 20 years that the same work won the Pulitzer and National Book Award for fiction. Whitehead conceived his novel with what he calls a “goofy idea”: Take the so-called Underground Railroad of history, the network of escape routes to freedom, and make it an actual train. He wove his fantasy together with a too-believable story of a young girl's flight from a plantation.

Whitehead finished “The Underground Railroad” well before Donald Trump's election but now finds parallels with the present.

“I think the book deals with white supremacy as a foundational error in the country's history and that foundational error is being played out now in the White House,” he said Monday. “When I was writing the book I wasn't thinking about current events, but I think you have to look at it differently now.”

Other winners announced Monday also touched upon race and class, in the present and in the past.

Lynn Nottage's “Sweat,” which won for drama, explores how the shutdown of a Pennsylvania factory leads to the breakdown of friendship and family, and a devastating cycle of violence, prejudice, poverty and drugs.

The general nonfiction winner was Matthew Desmond's “Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City,” set in Milwaukee and praised by the Pulitzer board as “a deeply researched expose that showed how mass evictions after the 2008 economic crash were less a consequence than a cause of poverty.”

The history winner was Heather Ann Thompson's “Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy.”

Hisham Matar's “The Return: Fathers, Sons and the Land in Between” won for biography/autobiography.” Tyehimba Jess' “Olio” was the poetry winner.

The music award went to Du Yun's “Angel's Bone.”